The exclusion criteria included patients who were smokers, had systemic diseases requiring routine use of antibiotics, or those who were pregnant. Patients who have posterior edentulous site with adequate bone for placing implant without bone grafting procedures and agreed to participate in the study were included in this study. This article was a by study of the clinical research entitled Histological evaluation and inflammatory response of different abutment materials: An experimental study in human, which had been approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry of Chulalongkorn University (HREC-DCU 2014-051). The numbers, characters as well as incidences of these bony particles were determined to speculate the nature and impacts of their presence. By investigating the effect of the types of abutment materials on the attachment formation and inflammatory response of the peri-implant soft tissue in human subjects, the authors have observed an unrecognized finding of tiny bony spicules scattered in the peri-implant soft tissue. One factor that affects both function and esthetic demand of implant restoration is the abutment materials, which will affect different tissue reaction and color perception through gingival tissue 3- 6. Moreover, to restore teeth in cosmetic area, several factors are to be considered. The structure of peri-implant tissue is similar to that of teeth, but the major difference is the attachment of connective tissue fibers, which is much weaker and prone to be infected than natural teeth 1, 2. Dental implant is currently considered a treatment of preference for patients whose tooth have been missing and want to have replacements that imitate natural teeth.

All my patients get bone spicules