This removes the need for a solvent, thus reducing reaction volume by a 5-fold. The meso-OBR designs demonstrated effective heat transfer capability, allowing the reaction to being operated isothermally with ☑☌ temperature variation in solvent-free conditions. Both baffles exhibited rapid steady-state attainment, shorter induction period (t = 1.5τ) and better reproducibility with product variation of ∼ 1.3%. The tri- and multi-orifice baffles were able to overcome mixing limitations and achieved a comparable rate of reaction to batch at mixing conditions of Reo > 850 and Reo > 500, respectively. Moreover, passive isothermalisation was also investigated using meso-OBR in a heat pipe assembly. The performance investigated includes mixing intensity, induction period, steady-state attainment, and heat removal capability of the meso-OBR. The performance of the new 3D-printed single, tri- and multi-orifice baffles was compared with helical and integral baffles. The apparent reaction order was 1, with significantly low apparent activation energies (24.7-29.0 kJ mol À1).Ĭontinuous epoxidation of terpenes with H2O2 was carried out using mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactors (meso-OBRs) in a solvent-free environment. A reaction kinetic model was developed using the optimum experimental results achieved in the OBR. A significant improvement in the removal efficiency of DBT was achieved in OBR within only 3 minutes compared to previous studies, which required at least a half-hour reaction time to achieve the same or less removal efficiency. The maximum DBT conversion was 94%, which was achieved in 3 min at 4 Hz and 6 mm amplitude.

The results showed that dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal in the OBR was significantly higher than in conventional processes under the same conditions (pressure of 1 atm and temperature near room temperature). The reactor was operated over a range of residence times (1-3 min), and frequencies and amplitudes of oscillation, leading to oscillatory Reynolds numbers in the range 64-383, and net flow Reynolds numbers in the range 5 to 16. The oxidation process was conducted in a meso-oscillatory baffled reactor ('mesoOBR') under mild operating conditions: atmospheric pressure, and 60 to 80 C. Hydrogen peroxide was the oxidizing agent and acetic acid was the liquid catalyst. The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene in diesel fuel cut using a homogeneous liquid catalytic system in a novel reactor is presented.

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